The Annapurna Circuit Trek is one of the most iconic and rewarding trekking routes in the world. It offers a blend of diverse landscapes, breathtaking mountain views, rich cultural experiences, and a thrilling sense of adventure. The trek is also one of the longest trekking routes in Nepal that take you through lush subtropical forests, deep gorges, high mountain passes, and arid Tibetan plateau, making it a journey of dramatic contrasts. Along the way, trekkers encounter friendly local communities, including Gurung, Thakali and Tibetan – influenced cultures, adding to the richness of the experience. However, the trek is physically demanding and requires thorough preparation. If you are planning to embark on this journey, this comprehensive guide will help you prepare adequately, ensuring a safe, enjoyable, and memorable adventure in the heart of the Himalayas.

a) Route Overview

The Annapurna Circuit Trek spans approximately 160-230 km (depending on side trips) and takes about 12-21 days to complete. The trek encircles the Annapurna Massif, passing through diverse terrains, from subtropical forests to alpine meadows and arid landscapes. It starts from Besisahar or Bhulbhule and gradually ascends through various villages, crossing multiple suspension bridges, waterfalls, and river valleys. The trek leads to the challenging Thorong La Pass, followed by a descent to Muktinath, a revered pilgrimage site. The final section typically passes through the Kali Gandaki Gorge – the world’s deepest gorge – before concluding in Jomsom or Pokhara, depending on the chosen routes.

b) Key Highlights

Thorong La Pass (5,416m) – The highest point of the trek, offering panoramic views of the Himalayas.

Muktinath Temple – A sacred site for Hindus and Buddhists, known for its eternal flame and 108 water spouts.

Manang & Pisang – Scenic villages showcasing Tibetan-influenced culture, with opportunities for acclimatization and side hikes.

Tatopani – Famous for its natural hot springs, perfect for muscle relaxation after strenuous trekking.

Poon Hill (Optional) – A renowned vantage point providing one of the best sunrise views over the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges.

Kali Gandaki Gorge – The world’s deepest gorge, situated between Annapurna and Dhaulagiri peaks, offering breathtaking geological formations and landscapes.

Side Treks – Adventurous trekkers can explore the Ice Lake, Tilicho Lake (one of the highest – altitude lakes), or visit the remote Nar Phu Valley for a more off – the – beaten – path experience.

The Annapurna Circuit in Annapurna Trek region is a truly immersive trek, offering a combination of natural beauty, physical challenges, and cultural richness, making it an unforgettable adventure.

Choosing the right season for Nepal Trekking is crucial for a safe and enjoyable experience. The Annapurna Circuit Trek is best attempted during the pre – monsoon (spring) and post – monsoon (autumn) seasons.

a) Pre-Monsoon (March-May)

Weather: Spring is one of the most pleasant times for trekking, with mild temperatures at lower altitudes and cooler but manageable conditions at higher elevations.

Scenery: The trails are adorned with blooming rhododendrons, vibrant wildflowers, and lush green landscapes, making for stunning views.

Temperature: Ranges from 10 degree celsius to 20 degree celsius at lower altitudes and can drop below freezing at higher elevations.

Trail Conditions: Less muddy compared to monsoon season, with fewer chances of landslides or blocked paths.

Crowds: Moderate number of trekkers, making for a lively yet not overly crowded experience.

b) Post-Monsoon (September-November)

Weather: Considered the best season for trekking due to stable weather and clear skies, offering breathtaking mountain visibility.

Scenery: Crystal-clear views of snow-capped peaks and the crisp autumn air make it ideal for photography.

Temperature: Comfortable at mid-altitudes (10°C-15°C) but can be very cold at higher elevations, sometimes dropping to -10°C at Thorong La Pass.

Trail Conditions: Dry and firm trails, reducing the risk of slipping or trekking difficulties.

Crowds: Peak trekking season, so trails and tea houses may be crowded, requiring advance booking for accommodations.

c) Off-Seasons: Monsoon (June-August) & Winter (December-February)

Monsoon (June-August): Heavy rainfall causes slippery trails, landslides, and limited mountain visibility. However, the rain-shadow areas of Upper Mustang and Manang remain relatively dry.

Winter (December-February): Extremely cold temperatures, with heavy snowfall making Thorong La Pass and other high-altitude sections impassable. Tea houses in higher elevations may also be closed.

For the best trekking experience, planning your Annapurna Circuit Trek during the pre-monsoon (March-May) or post-monsoon (September-November) months ensures favorable weather, beautiful scenery, and safer trail conditions.

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a) Cardiovascular Endurance

Trekking at high altitudes such as in Everest Trek, Langtang Trek or Annapurna Trek requires strong lungs. Engage in aerobic exercises like:

Running or jogging (3-5 times per week)

Cycling (long-distance rides to improve endurance)

Swimming (builds stamina and improves breathing efficiency)

Stair climbing (great for simulating trekking conditions)

b) Strength Training

Your legs will bear most of the load, so focus on:

Squats and lunges (enhance leg and hip strength)

Calf raises (improve ankle stability for uneven terrain)

Core strengthening (planks, sit-ups, Russian twists for better balance and posture)

Upper body exercises (push-ups, pull-ups) for carrying a backpack comfortably

c) Altitude Acclimatization

If possible, train in high-altitude areas before the trek or take short hikes at increasing elevations.

Gradually increase your exposure to reduced oxygen levels by spending weekends in mountainous regions.

Practice breathing techniques like diaphragmatic breathing to enhance lung capacity.

Consider carrying a weighted backpack during training hikes to simulate real trekking conditions.

d) Flexibility & Mobility

Stretching exercises such as yoga improve flexibility and reduce the risk of muscle strain.

Dynamic warm-ups before hikes (leg swings, hip circles) can help prepare your muscles for physical activity.

By following a well-rounded fitness regimen at least 8-12 weeks before your trek, you will be physically prepared to tackle the challenges of the adventurous treks like Annapurna Circuit Trek, Everest Base Camp Trek, Manaslu Circuit Trek, Everest Three Passes Trek and others confidently.

Read in details "FAQs about visiting or trekking in Nepal".

Preparing physically for the treks such as Annapurna Circuit Trek, Annapurna Base Camp Trek, Annapurna Circuit Jomsom Trek or Tilicho Lake Trek with Thorong La Pass is essential to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. This trek challenges both endurance and strength as it involves long days of hiking, steep ascents and high – altitude conditions. A well – structured fitness regimen will help reduce fatigue, prevent injuries, and improve overall stamina. Ideally, training should begin at least 8 -12 weeks before the trek, incorporating cardiovascular workouts, strength training, altitude acclimatization, and flexibility exercises. Below is a detailed guide to help you get in peak condition for this incredible adventure.

a) Clothing

• Base Layers: Moisture-wicking thermals.
• Insulation Layers: Fleece or down jacket for warmth.
• Outer Layers: Waterproof and windproof jacket & pants.
• Trekking Pants & Shirts: Lightweight, quick-drying.
• Gloves, Hat, and Sunglasses: Protection from cold and UV rays.

b) Footwear

• High-quality, waterproof trekking boots.
• Multiple pairs of moisture-wicking socks.
• Sandals for evenings and river crossings.

c) Gear & Equipment

• Backpack (40-50L): Lightweight with proper support.
• Trekking Poles: Reduce strain on knees.
• Sleeping Bag (-10°C to -20°C): Essential for colder nights.
• Headlamp: With extra batteries.
• Water Purification System: Tablets or portable filters.
• First Aid Kit: Painkillers, bandages, antiseptic, altitude sickness medicine.

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Before embarking on the Annapurna Circuit Trek, it is essential to obtain the necessary permits. These permits are mandatory for all trekkers and help fund conservation efforts, infrastructure maintenance, and ensure safety.

a) Required Permits

Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)

Issued by the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) and the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC).

Cost: NRs 3,000 (approximately $25) for foreign nationals and NRs 1,000 for SAARC nationals.

Purpose: Helps maintain the Annapurna Conservation Area and supports sustainable tourism.

Trekkers’ Information Management System (TIMS) Card

Issued by the Trekking Agencies Association of Nepal (TAAN) and NTB.

Cost: NRs 2,000 (approximately $15) for individual trekkers and NRs 1,000 for group trekkers.

Purpose: Ensures the safety and security of trekkers by maintaining records of trekkers’ itineraries.

b) Where to Obtain Permits

Permits can be obtained in Kathmandu (Nepal Tourism Board Office in Kamaladi) or Pokhara (Nepal Tourism Board Office in Damside).

Trekkers must provide a passport copy and two passport-sized photos.

Payment is accepted in Nepali Rupees only.

c) Trekking Regulations & Guidelines

Solo Trekking: Solo trekking is permitted but not recommended in remote areas due to safety concerns.

Checkpoints: There are multiple checkpoints along the trail where trekkers must present their permits.

Restricted Areas: Some side treks (e.g., Nar Phu Valley) require an additional Restricted Area Permit (RAP), which can only be obtained through a registered trekking agency.

Waste Management: Carry all waste with you and follow the Leave No Trace principles to protect the environment.

Obtaining the necessary permits ensures a smooth trekking experience while supporting conservation efforts and maintaining the natural beauty of the Annapurna region.

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a) Accommodation Options

Accommodation along the Annapurna Circuit consists mainly of tea houses, which are small, family-run lodges that provide basic lodging and meals for trekkers. Here’s what you can expect:

Lower Altitudes (Besisahar to Manang): Tea houses are more developed, offering comfortable beds, shared bathrooms, and sometimes even Wi-Fi and hot showers.

Higher Altitudes (Manang to Thorong La Pass and Muktinath): The facilities become more basic, with fewer amenities and limited heating.

Jomsom & Beyond: Lodges in Jomsom, Tatopani, and Pokhara provide more comfortable options, including private rooms and better facilities.

Tea houses generally operate on a “food-for-stay” basis, meaning rooms are inexpensive or free if you purchase meals from them. In peak seasons, it’s recommended to book rooms in advance, especially in popular villages like Manang and Muktinath.

b) Food Availability

Trekkers will find a variety of local and international dishes along the route. The most common meal is Dal Bhat, a traditional Nepali dish consisting of rice, lentil soup, vegetables, and pickles. Other available meals include:

Breakfast: Tibetan bread, pancakes, porridge, eggs, and chapati.

Lunch & Dinner: Fried rice, noodles, momo (dumplings), pasta, pizza, and soups.

Hot Beverages: Masala tea, black tea, coffee, and ginger lemon honey tea to help with altitude adjustment.

Food prices increase with altitude due to transportation difficulties. To save costs, trekkers can carry snacks like energy bars, nuts, and dried

fruits. Staying hydrated is crucial, and boiled water or purified water is available at tea houses for a small fee.

a) Understanding Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), occurs when trekkers ascend to high altitudes too quickly, preventing the body from adapting to lower oxygen levels. The Annapurna Circuit Trek reaches an elevation of 5,416 meters (Thorong La Pass), making altitude sickness a significant concern.

b) Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Mild AMS: Headache, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping.

Moderate AMS: Worsening headache, vomiting, loss of coordination, and difficulty walking.

Severe AMS (HACE/HAPE): Confusion, disorientation, inability to walk, coughing up pink frothy sputum (a sign of fluid in the lungs), and extreme breathlessness.

c) Prevention Strategies

Acclimatization – Plan rest days, especially in Manang (3,519m), to allow your body to adjust.

Hydration – Drink at least 3-4 liters of water daily to prevent dehydration.

Slow Ascent – Follow the 300-500m per day ascent rule above 3,000m.

Avoid Alcohol & Smoking – Both contribute to dehydration and worsen altitude effects.

Eat High-Carb Meals – Helps maintain energy and oxygen levels.

Medication (Diamox) – Consult your doctor about taking Acetazolamide (Diamox) to aid acclimatization.

d) What to Do If You Develop Symptoms

Mild Symptoms: Rest, hydrate, and take a lower-altitude acclimatization day.

Moderate Symptoms: Descend at least 500m immediately and seek medical help.

Severe Symptoms: Immediate descent and, if necessary, emergency evacuation by helicopter.

Proper acclimatization and recognizing early symptoms of altitude sickness can ensure a safer and more enjoyable trekking experience.

a) Estimated Costs

The total cost of the Annapurna Circuit Trek varies depending on whether you trek independently or with a guide and porter. Below is a rough breakdown of expenses:

Permits: ACAP (NPR 3,000/$25) + TIMS Card (NPR 2,000/$15) per person.

Accommodation: Tea houses cost $5-15 per night, depending on the altitude and facilities.

Food: Meals range from $5-10 per dish, with higher prices at higher altitudes.

Water & Snacks: Boiled water costs $1-3 per liter, and snacks like energy bars cost more as you ascend.

Guide & Porter (Optional): A guide costs $25-40 per day, and a porter costs $15-25 per day.

Transportation: Bus or jeep to Besisahar ($10-30) and flight from Jomsom to Pokhara (if chosen, $100-120).

Gear Rental/Purchase: Renting trekking poles, sleeping bags, and jackets can cost $20-50 for the duration.

Miscellaneous: Hot showers, Wi-Fi, battery charging, and donations can add up to $3-10 per day.

b) Daily Budget Breakdown

Budget Travelers: $20-30 per day, staying in basic tea houses and eating local meals.

Mid-Range Travelers: $30-50 per day, including better accommodations and occasional luxuries.

Luxury Travelers: $50-100 per day, covering private rooms, extra snacks, and premium services.

c) Cost-Saving Tips

Carry a water purification system to avoid purchasing bottled water.

Bring snacks and energy bars from Kathmandu to save money.

Share rooms and meals with fellow trekkers to split costs.

Negotiate for better rates, especially in the off-season.

Proper budgeting ensures that you enjoy your trek without unnecessary financial stress.

Read in details about “10 Best Reasons to Choose Annapurna Circuit Trek”

Ensuring safety during the Annapurna Circuit Trek is crucial for a successful and enjoyable experience. Here are some key safety measures to keep in mind:

a) General Safety Guidelines

Stay on Marked Trails: Straying from the designated paths can lead to dangerous terrain and increase the risk of getting lost.

Inform Someone About Your Plans: Always let someone—whether a friend, family member, or tea house owner—know your itinerary.

Avoid Trekking Alone at Night: It is unsafe to trek after dark due to unpredictable weather, steep trails, and potential wildlife encounters.

Carry a First-Aid Kit: Include basic medications, bandages, antiseptic, and altitude sickness remedies.

Respect Local Guidelines: Follow the advice of guides, locals, and signboards to ensure a safe journey.

b) Weather-Related Safety

Check the Weather Forecast: Sudden weather changes can lead to avalanches, landslides, and extreme cold conditions, especially near

Thorong La Pass.
Be Prepared for Sudden Temperature Drops: Carry appropriate gear for cold temperatures, even if trekking during warmer seasons.

Know When to Turn Back: If weather conditions become extreme or visibility is poor, it is better to delay the trek than to risk danger.

c) Wildlife and Environmental Safety

Respect Wildlife: Do not provoke or feed animals, as this can lead to dangerous encounters.

Dispose of Waste Properly: Carry reusable bottles and bags to minimize plastic waste and help preserve the natural beauty of the region.

Be Cautious on Suspension Bridges: Always cross one person at a time to avoid overloading and potential accidents.

d) Emergency Preparedness

Know the Nearest Medical Facilities: Clinics in villages like Manang offer medical aid, but serious cases may require helicopter evacuation.

Carry Emergency Contacts: Keep numbers for local authorities, your guide (if applicable), and emergency rescue services handy.

Consider Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance covering high-altitude trekking and helicopter evacuation is highly recommended.

By following these safety measures, trekkers can minimize risks and ensure a smooth and rewarding Annapurna Circuit adventure.

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Trekking responsibly ensures the preservation of the Annapurna region’s natural beauty and cultural heritage for future generations. Sustainable trekking practices minimize environmental impact and promote ethical tourism.

a) Environmental Responsibility

Leave No Trace: Carry all waste, including plastic wrappers and tissues, until you find proper disposal points.

Use Reusable Bottles: Minimize plastic waste by carrying a refillable water bottle and using purification tablets or a filtration system.

Respect Wildlife: Avoid feeding or disturbing animals, and observe them from a safe distance.

Stay on Trails: Straying from marked trails can damage fragile ecosystems and lead to erosion.

Avoid Campfires: Firewood collection contributes to deforestation; use tea houses for meals and warmth instead.

b) Cultural Respect

Dress Modestly: Nepalese culture values modest attire; avoid revealing clothing, especially in villages and religious sites.

Ask for Permission Before Photographing People: Always seek consent before taking pictures of locals or religious sites.

Learn Basic Nepali Phrases: A simple “Namaste” (hello) or “Dhanyabad” (thank you) fosters positive interactions.

Respect Local Customs: Follow local etiquette, such as using your right hand for giving and receiving items and removing shoes before entering homes or temples.

c) Supporting Local Communities

Stay in Locally Owned Tea Houses: Support local businesses by choosing family-run lodges and eateries.

Buy Local Products: Purchase handmade souvenirs and goods from local artisans rather than imported items.

Hire Local Guides & Porters: Hiring local guides and porters provides income to communities and enhances your trekking experience with valuable insights.

Practice Fair Wages & Ethical Treatment: Ensure guides and porters receive fair compensation and carry manageable loads.

d) Responsible Trekking in High Altitudes

Follow Sustainable Trekking Routes: Avoid overcrowded trails by exploring alternative paths where possible.

Respect Sacred Sites: Many landmarks along the trail hold religious significance; avoid touching sacred objects or disrupting ceremonies.

Minimize Noise Pollution: Keep noise levels low to maintain the serenity of the mountains and respect fellow trekkers and locals.

Practicing responsible trekking contributes to the sustainability of the Annapurna Circuit, ensuring that future trekkers can continue to enjoy its beauty.

Guidebook for First Time Travelers in Nepal 

1. How difficult is the Annapurna Circuit Trek?

The trek is considered moderately to highly challenging due to its long duration, high-altitude passes, and varying terrain. Proper physical preparation and acclimatization are essential for a successful trek.

2. Do I need a guide or porter for the trek?

While the trek can be done independently, hiring a guide provides valuable insights into the region, ensures safety, and helps with navigation. A porter can also be beneficial to reduce the load on your back, making the trek less strenuous.

3. What permits are required for the trek?

Trekkers need the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) and the Trekkers’ Information Management System (TIMS) card. These can be obtained in Kathmandu or Pokhara.

4. How can I prevent altitude sickness?

To avoid altitude sickness, trek slowly, stay hydrated, take rest days for acclimatization (especially in Manang), and consider carrying Diamox if advised by a medical professional.

5. Is there internet and electricity along the trek?

Most tea houses offer Wi-Fi for a small fee, but the connection may be slow or unavailable in remote areas. Electricity is available in villages, but charging electronic devices may cost extra.

6. What kind of food is available during the trek?

Tea houses offer a variety of meals, including Nepali Dal Bhat, pasta, soups, momos, and other basic international dishes. Vegetarian options are widely available.

7. Can I do the trek solo?

Yes, solo trekking is allowed, but it's recommended to have proper navigation tools and be well-prepared for emergencies.

8. How much does the trek cost?

The cost depends on your travel style. Budget travelers can complete the trek for around $20-30 per day, including accommodation and food, while guided treks with porters can cost significantly more.

9. What are the accommodation options?

Basic tea houses and lodges are available throughout the route. Higher elevations may have limited facilities, so carrying a sleeping bag is advisable.

10. What should I pack for the trek?

Essential items include warm clothing, a high-quality sleeping bag, waterproof gear, trekking poles, a first-aid kit, and water purification methods. A detailed packing list is provided in the Packing Essentials section.

The Annapurna Circuit Trek is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure that demands thorough preparation. By focusing on fitness, packing smartly, understanding altitude sickness, and respecting local customs, you can ensure a safe and rewarding experience. Start your training, pack your bags, and get ready to conquer the mighty Himalayas in 2025!

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